Mutations

Mutations are

Specific Learning Outcomes:


 * define what a mutation is
 * explain what are the main causes for mutations and the effects of mutations
 * discuss the types of mutation. This involves explaining gene and chromosome mutations and their effects.
 * explain how the location of a mutation (somatic, gametic or germline) impacts on the the changes that it causes in an individual
 * explain the evolutionary importance of mutations
 * define and give examples of silent, beneficial and helpful mutations

Gene Mutations

Chromosome Mutations

__Collaborative Notes__ 1. A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene. 2. Causes of mutations : -**DNA fails to copy accurately ** (naturally-occurring) - **External influences **( chemicals or radiation) Effects of mutation : ** Wild-type (sometimes termed "samesense"), ** ** Non-wild-type (missense mutations), ** ** Nonsense mutations, ** ** Frameshift mutations ** ** Small deletions **

3. Types of mutations : Gene mutations Chromosomal mutations 4. Location of mutation : Somatic cells Gametic cells 5. Importance of mutations : Beneficial mutations

SEE ALSO : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation#Beneficial_mutations